NOI / CAP RATE / CASH FLOW
Underwriting turns assumptions into a range
Underwriting builds net operating income from real leases and expenses, then applies vacancy, capital reserves, and other costs. We model cash flow after debt, because that is the return an owner actually receives. Cap rate comparisons help frame the price, yet they never stand alone.
We test slower rent growth and higher vacancy to find the assumption that matters most. A property that only works under strong assumptions is flagged at this stage — that flag is information, not embarrassment.